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Portable Network Graphic  |  2003-07-24  |  19KB  |  700x525  |  8-bit (116 colors)
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OCR: Pier Footings Overview Different types of Footings History of footings Pier Footings Development of ithe Bell Footing Caissons Pre-molded bell caisson load -bearing enclosure or casing placed r the footings ground, usually to protect excavation from within Caissons Review are often used to facilitate construction of concrete shafts 1 piers, extending from the foundation to the bearing soil strata References They may eeexd from the top of the ground into socket with TEST in poob bearing stratum or all the way t0 rock Caissons may be made of concrete steel or combination of these materials Casings may be continuous assembled in sections The installation method ic determined by the type of soil. Some cal issons are hammered or vibrated into very loose soils Others are installed in sections so ...